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ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÐÃàÀ̶õ?
ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ë
Áß ¹Ýº¹µÇ°Å³ª, ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÔ.
¾ÐÃà½ÃŲ´Ù´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î, compress, freeze(¾ó¸®´Ù) µîÀÇ ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ¾ÐÃàÀ» ÇØÁ¦ ½ÃŲ´Ù´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î uncompress,
extract(ÃßÃâÇÏ´Ù), expand(È®ÀåÇÏ´Ù) µîÀÇ ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÐÃàÀÇ Á¾·ù.
Å©°Ô ÆÄÀÏ
¾ÐÃàÀº ¹«¼Õ½Ç(lossless) ¾ÐÃà°ú ¼Õ½Ç(lossy) ¾ÐÃàÀ¸·Î ³ª´ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ, µ¥ÀÌŸ ÆÄÀϵéÀº ¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃà ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿ë·®À» ÁÙÀ̳ª, ±×·¡ÇÈ, µ¿¿µ»ó ÆÄÀÏ, »ç¿îµå ÆÄÀϵîÀº ¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃà
¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀº ¸» ±×´ë·Î, ¾ÐÃà ÇØÁ¦½Ã ¾ÐÃàÀüÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ±×´ë·Î º¹±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾ÐÃàÀ²¿¡´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í, ¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀÇ °æ¿ì, Çѹø ¾ÐÃàÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¾ÐÃàÇÒ °æ¿ì ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ÁÙÁö ¾Ê°í, ¾ÐÃà ÇØÁ¦¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸°¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©
Áö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÆÄÀÏ Å©±â°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀº µ¥ÀÌŸ Áß Å©°Ô Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°Å ½ÃÅ´À¸·Î ÆÄÀÏ ¿ë·®À» °¨¼Ò ½ÃŲ´Ù.
¾ÐÃà È¿À²Àº ¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃà°ú ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ³ôÁö¸¸, Çѹø ¾ÐÃàµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀ̶ó¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í´Â ¿ø·¡ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¹±¸ ½Ãų ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù.
±×¸®°í, ¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃà°ú ´Ù¸£°Ô ¾ÐÃàÀ» ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù. Áï, ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Á¤º¸ Áß Á߿伺ÀÌ ³·Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ °è¼Ó ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¿© Á¦°Å ½ÃÅ°±â
¶§¹®¿¡ À̹ÌÁö ÆÄÀÏÀÇ °æ¿ì ±×¸²ÀÇ ÁúÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ³ªºüÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, ¶Ù¾î³ ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Çѹø ¾ÐÃàÀ¸·Î´Â º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áú(Quality)ÀÇ ¼Õ½Ç Á¤µµ¸¦ Àß ´À³¢Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹´Â jpg( JPEG - Joint Picture Expert Group ), MPEG( Moving Picture
Expert Group ), MP3, MP4, RA, ... µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù
ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÐÃàÀÇ Çʿ伺.
¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º³ª, ½Ç¼ö, ±âŸ
¿©·¯ °¡Áö ºÒÀÇÀÇ »ç°í·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÚ·áÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÀÔÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù.
ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì¸¦ ´ëºñÇϱâ À§ÇØ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ÀúÀå ¸Åü¿¡ ¹é¾÷(Back up)ÇØ µÎ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, °¡´ÉÇϸé ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ÁÙ¿©¼ ÀúÀåÇصδ °ÍÀÌ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÏ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Åë½ÅÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸¹Àº Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ƯÈ÷, LANÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ Àüȼ±À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Åë½ÅÀ̶ó¸é, ½Ã°£ÀÌ °ð µ·°ú Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°üµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡´ÉÇϸé ªÀº ½Ã°£ÀÇ Åë½ÅÀ» ¿øÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ Åë½Å»ó¿¡ ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÀº µ¥ÀÌŸ´Â ¾ÐÃàÇÏ¿© Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³×ƼÄÏÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿©Áú Á¤µµ·Î ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÐÃàÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀÇ Á¾·ù
¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀº
Ư¼º»ó ÇÑ°³ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í, Ư¼ö ¸ñÀûÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤Çؼ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿©±â¼´Â ¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀº ÀÌ Á¤µµÀÇ ¼Ò°³·Î ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÏ°í, ¹«¼Õ½Ç ¾ÐÃàÀ» À§ÁÖ·Î ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
¾ÐÃàÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡´Â ¾Ë°í¸®Áò¿¡ µû¶ó Crunching ¹æ½Ä, Squashing ¹æ½Ä, Lempel-ziv ¹æ½Ä, RLE(Run Length
Encoding) ¹æ½Ä, ºñÆ® ÆÐÅÏÀÇ ´Ü¼øÈ ±â¹ý, dynamic Huffman ¹æ½Ä, static Huffman coding ¹æ½Ä, ...µîÀÇ
´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
È®ÀåÀÚ º° ºÐ·ù·Î´Â zip, arj, rar, ace, jar, lzh, zoo, arc, cab, ...µîÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¹Ù²ã¼, È®ÀåÀÚº°
¾ÐÃà ºÐ·ù¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×¸®°í, SFX, ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÐÃà, ÆÄÀÏ ¹À½, Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ© ¹é¾÷, ... ±âŸ ºÐ·ù ¹æ¹ýÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Ë°í¸®Áò ¹æ½Ä¿¡ µû¸¥ ºÐ·ù´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷΠ»ý·«ÇÏ°í, ¿©±â¼´Â ±âŸ ºÐ·ù ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´ë·« ¼³¸íÇÏ°í, ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¹Ù²ã¼ È®ÀåÀÚ º°, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ º°·Î
ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ¼³¸í ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
SFX( Self Extracting File )
¾ÐÃàµÈ ÆÄÀÏ( zip, arj, rar, ace, ... )À» ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ( exe )·Î ÀüȯÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ½ÇÇà°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¾ÐÃàÀÌ
ÇØÁ¦µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ °Í.
º°µµÀÇ ¾ÐÃà ÇØÁ¦ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¾ø¾îµµ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ½±°Ô ±× ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ´À¸·Î¼ ¾ÐÃàÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¸Áö¸¸, ¾ÐÃà ÇØÁ¦¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿©ºÐÀÇ Äڵ尡 Ãß°¡µÇ¾î¾ßÇÏ°í, ÆÄÀÏ °ü¸®¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸î°¡ÁöÀÇ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÐÃà
ÁÖ·Î ½ÇÇà
ÆÄÀÏÁß È®ÀåÀÚ°¡ exeÀÎ °Í¸¸À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çϸç, ¾ÐÃàµÈ ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ LoadingµÊ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡
¾ÐÃàÀÌ ÇØÁ¦µÇ¾î ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù.
DOS¿ëÀ¸·Î pklite, diet, lzexe, exepack, µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À©µµ¿ì ¿ëÀ¸·Î °³¹ßµÈ °Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÆÄÀÏ ¹À½
À¯´Ð½ºÀÇ tar°ú °°Àº ÇüÅ·Î, ¾ÐÃàÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÇÑ°³·Î ¹±â¸¸ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù.
µð½ºÅ© ÀúÀå½Ã, ÀÛÀº ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀåµÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÇÑ°³ÀÇ Å« ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀåµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀº °ø°£À» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡À» »ì¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ÇÑ°³ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ¿©·¯°³ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀÚ¸£´Â À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼(spilit)µµ ÀÖ´Ù.
Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ© ¹é¾÷
Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡
ÀúÀåµÈ ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇÑ°³ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ÇüÅÂ.
DOS¿ëÀ¸·Î DiskDupe, Disk Copy Fast, imageµîÀÌ ÀÖ°í, Window ¿ëÀ¸·Î WinImantµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Disk Copy¸¦ Disk ´ë Disk°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Disk ´ë File·Î º¹»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
.¼Õ½Ç¾ÐÃà
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áñ±â´Â °ÍÁß
"¸¶¼ú"À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´«¼ÓÀÓÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸¶¼úÀÌ ´«¼ÓÀÓÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ»
ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¼Õ½Ç¾ÐÃ൵ ¸¶¼ú°ú À¯»çÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ù·Î »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °¨°¢À» ¼ÓÀÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ³»¿ëÀ» ÀνÄÇϴµ¥ º°·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â
¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼ Á¤º¸µéÀ» »èÁ¦ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾ÐÃà·üÀ» ³ôÀÌ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ±â¹ýÀÌ ¼Õ½Ç¾ÐÃàÀÌ´Ù.
¼Õ½Ç¾ÐÃàÀº Å©°Ô º¯È±â¹ý,
¿¹Ãø±â¹ý, ¾çÀÚÈ ±â¹ý, º¸°£±â¹ýµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
A.º¯È¯±â¹ý
º¯È¯±â¹ýÀº µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Àû´çÇÑ º¯È¯À» ÅëÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î
¿Å±èÀ¸·Î½á µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀ§ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â ±â¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¤¡.PCMº¯È¯: ÀÌÇظ¦ µ½±â
À§ÇØ ¿ì¼± ¾Æ³ª·Î±×¸¦ µðÁöÅÐ ÆÄÇüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â PCM¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Ò°³ºÎÅÍ ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. PCMº¯È¯Àº º¯È¯±â¹ýÀÇ °¡Àå±âº»À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±â¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾Æ³ª·Î±×
½ÅÈ£·Î µé¾î¿À´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Ç¥º»È(Sampling), ¾çÀÚÈ(Quantization)¸¦ °ÅÃÄ µðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£·Î º¯ÇüÇÏ´Â ±â¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ PCMº¯È¯Àº
µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Åë½Å°ú ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î¿¡¼ ±¤¹üÀ§ ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°Ô º¸´Â PCMº¯È¯Àº ¸ðµ©°ú À½¼º¾ÐÃàÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À§ ±×¸²¿¡¼ º¸µíÀÌ ¾Æ³ª·Î±× ½ÅÈ£´Â (a)¿¡¼Ã³·³ »çÀÎ ÆÄÇüÀ» ±×¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ »çÀÎÆÄÇüÀº ¿¬¼ÓµÈ(Continous)ÆÄÇüÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ »çÀÎÆÄÇüÀ» ¹ÌºÐÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
ÀÌ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÆÄÇüÀº ±×¸²(b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÌ»êµÈ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÆÄÇüÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸²(c)´Â ÀÌ»êµÈ ÆÄÇüÀ» º¹ÀâÇÑ ±âÁØ°ª°ú À¯»çÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±Ù»çÈ
¼öÄ¡·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¯°æµÈ ÆÄÇü°ú µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼ ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(1) Àüó¸®
(Preprocessing)
(2) º¯Çü
(Transformation)
(3) ¾çÀÚÈ
(Quantization)
(4) °¡º¯±æÀÌ ºÎÈ£È
(Variable Length Coding)
·
°¡Àå ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¾ÐÃà¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â Çȼ¿´ç Ä÷¯ ºñÆ® ¼ö(Color Bit Depth)ÀÇ Ãà¼Ò,
ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ Å©±â(Number of Pixels)ÀÇ Ãà¼Ò, ±×¸®°í ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¼ö(fps)ÀÇ Ãà¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
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15 FPS (1,342 KB)
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25 FPS (2,017 KB)
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30 FPS (2,355 KB)
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(1) JPEG
(Joint Photographic Experts Group)
1. RGB Ä÷¯¸ðµ¨À» YIQ Ä÷¯¸ðµ¨·Î º¯È¯
2. YIQ ¸ÞÅ©·Î ºí·°È
3. ¸ÅÅ©·Î ºí·°À» 8 * 8 ºí·°È
4. DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) º¯È¯
5. ¾çÀÚÈ (Quantization)
6. Áö±× - Àç±× ½ºÄ³´× (Zigzag Scaing)
7. DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) ¶Ç´Â RLE (Run Length Encode)
8. ¿£Æ®·ÎÇÇ ÄÚµù (Entropy Coding)
Çȼ¿´ç ºñÆ® ¼ö
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¾ÐÃàÀ²
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¿µ »ó Ç° Áú Æò °¡
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0. 25 ~ 0.5
|
48 : 1
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º¸Åë ¼öÁØÀÇ ÈÁú Á¦°ø
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0.5 ~ 0.75
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32 : 1
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ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·¯±×·¥¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öÁØÀÇ ÈÁú Á¦°ø
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0.75 ~ 1.5
|
16 : 1
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¸ðµç ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼öÁØÀÇ ¾çÈ£ÇÑ ÈÁú Á¦°ø
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1.5 ~ 2.0
|
12 : 1
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¾ÐÃà ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÈÁú°ú ±¸ºÐÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµÀÇ °ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ
ÈÁú Á¦°ø
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- ¾ÐÃàÀ²¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿µ»óÇ°Áú ºñ±³
(2) MPEG
(Moving Picture Experts Group)
MPEGÀÇ µ¿¿µ»ó ¾ÐÃà ÀýÂ÷
I, P, B Picture ºÎÈ£È
±¸ ºÐ
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MPEG-1
|
MPEG-2
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ÁÖ¿ä ÀÀ¿ë
ºÐ¾ß
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µðÁöÅ»
ÀúÀå ¸Åü
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µðÁöÅ»
ÀúÀå ¸Åü, ¹æ¼Û, Åë½Å
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Àü¼Û·Î
Ư¼º
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¿À·ù°¡
¾ø´Â ȯ°æ
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¿ä·ù°¡
Å« ºÐ¾ß Æ÷ÇÔ
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¸ñÇ¥ Àü¼ÛÀ²
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1.5 Mbits/sec ÀÌÇÏ
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2 ~ 45Mbits/sec
|
¿µ»óÀÇ
ÇØ»óµµ
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360 * 240 * 30
|
720 * 480 * 30
1,920 * 1,080 * 60
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ÁÖ»ç ¹æ½Ä
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¼øÂ÷ ÁÖ»ç
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¼øÂ÷ ÁÖ»ç, °ÝÇà ÁÖ»ç
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µ¿ÀÛ ¸ðµå
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´ÜÀÏ ¸ðµå
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ÇÁ·Î ÆÄÀÏ
¹× ·¹º§¿¡ µû¸¥ 11°¡Áö µ¿ÀÛ¸ðµåÀÇ Áö¿ø
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ȣȯ¼º
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-
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MPEG-1¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ø¹æÇâ ȣȯ¼º Áö¿ø
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- MPEG - 1°ú
MPEG - 2ÀÇ ºñ±³
-
(4) H.261
(P*64)
Compression
Chapter 1 Multimedia Systems Design:An
Introduction
An Introdution
& Multimedia Elements
|
¢Â Multimedia¶õ
- Multimedia´Â µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °³º° ¸Åü¸¦
ÅëÇÕÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í.
¢Á ¿¹) Slider¿Í À½¼ºÁ¤º¸¸¦ ÅëÇÕ, »ç¿ëÇϰųª ¿©·¯
°³ÀÇ Slider¸¦ ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¹ÇÕ¿µ»óÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °Í
- CD¼öÁØÀÇ »ç¿îµå¿Í ºü¸¥ ¼ÓµµÀÇ È°¹ßÇÑ À̹ÌÁö,
Fullmotion, HDTV¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Ç³ºÎÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ °æÇèÇÏ´Â °Í.
- °¢ ¸Åü¸¦ ±¸Á¶È, ü°èÈµÈ Á¤º¸Á¦½Ã¸¦ À§ÇØ ÅëÇÕÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǹ̰¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÊ
¢Á ¿¹) TV¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸µé°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡
Text,Video, Image animation, SoundµîÀ» ÅëÇÕ.
- Slider Projection°ú ¿µ»ç±â´Â
±³À°¸é¿¡ º¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÑ ¸Åü.
- Electonic mail°ú
Groupware ±â¼ú°ú ´õºÒ¾î Report and Memos¿Í °°Àº Paper Flow °¨¼Ò
- LAN,WANÀ» ÅëÇØ InteractiveÇÑ
Sound,Text,ImageµéÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼¸¦ ¾îµðµç ÀÌ¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô º¸³»´Â Multimedia NetworkingÀÇ ¹ßÀü
- 80's´Â Business Áõ´ë·Î ÀÎÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦
FAX¿Í MailÇüÅÂ·Î½á ±³·ù
- 90's Ư¡
¢º Electonic Mail &
Electronic Meeting
¢º Real TimeÀÇ Electonic Mail
¢º Race to faceȸÀÇ¿¡ µû¸¥ °èȹ°ú ¿©ÇàÀÇ ½Ã°£À»
ÁÙ¿©ÁÜ
¢Â Multimedia
Elements
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ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¹®¼À̹ÌÁöÀü´ÞÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° Ư¡. ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú·Î½á °íÇػ󵵷Π¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ë.
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¼ö¸¹Àº
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ access°¡ µÇ°Å³ª, ¿À·£ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â business ¹®¼¸¦ ÀúÀåÇϱâÀ§ÇØ
»ç¿ëµÊ.
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Multimedia Application¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½.
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information system maps
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computer program¿¡¼ hands-freeÁ¶ÀÛÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
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voice command´Â spoken ¸í·É¾î·Î½á ¹Ù·Î computer¸¦ Á¶ÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
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text message¸¦ ´ëÄ¡ÇÑ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. microphones¸¦ °®Ãá computer´Â audio
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Multimedia Systems
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video
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· CCITT Group2
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· CCITT Group3 1D
compression : run-lenth encoding
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compression
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color fax³ª
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¢Ñ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ½ºÄµÀº ¾çÀÚÈ Ç¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÈÁú¿¡ À̸¦
¶§±îÁö À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
·Predictive Lossless Encoding
¢Ñ
DCT ó¸®¿Í µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î °£´ÜÇÑ ¿¹Ãø ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÁ³´Ù.
¢Ñ
¼Õ½Ç¾ø´Â ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÅæÀÇ ¾ÐÃàÀ» Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇϵµ·Ï.
¢Ñ
predictor´Â »ùÇÿµ¿ªÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ°í »ùÇÿµ¿ªÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿ô ¿µ¿ªÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ
¿¹ÃøµÈ ¿µ¿ªÀº °¢°¢ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Õ½Ç¾ø´Â »ùÇÿ¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© üũµÇ¾îÁö°í
±×
Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ HuffmanÀ̳ª ¼öÇÐÀû ¿£Æ®·ÎÇÇ ÀÎÄÚµùÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼Õ½Ç¾øÀÌ ÀÎÄÚµåµÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
¢Ñ
ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î, 2:1¾ÐÃàÀÌ ÁÁÀº Àç»ý»êÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.
·Hierarchical Mode
¢Ñ °èÃþÀû ¸ðµå´Â ´ÙÁß Çػ󵵸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ À̹ÌÁöÀÇ ÀÎÄÚµùÀº ¼öÆòÀûÀ¸·Î, ¼öÁ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ°¡Áö
¿äÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÙ¿©Áø´Ù.
¢Ñ ³·Àº ÇØ»óµµÀÇ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ôÀº ÇØ»óµµÀÇ À̹ÌÁö°¡ ¾×¼¼½ºµÇ¾îÁú
°æ¿ì¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.
¢Ñ Á¦°øµÇ´Â °¡Àå ³·Àº Çػ󵵸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ¿ÏÀü Çػ󵵿¡·Î µÇµ¹¸®´Â
µðÄÚµùÀ» À§ÇØ ´ÙÁß
2´Ü°è¿¡¼
À̹ÌÁö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¢ÂJPEG Methodology
¢Ñ JPEGÀº lossy compression
¢Ñ
forward discrete cosine transform, ´ÜÀÏ ¾çÀÚȱâ, ¿£Æ®·ÎÇÇ ÀÎÄÚµùÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ
DCT ÇÔ¼ö´Â °ø°£ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖÆļö Á¤º¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¸®´ø´ø½Ã¸¦ Á¦°Å
¢Ñ
´ëĪÀû ¾Ë°í¸®Áò: ¾ÐÃàÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ¿ª°úÁ¤ÀÌ ¾ÐÃàÇØÁ¦À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸² 2-3 DCT ÀÎÄÚ´õ¿Í µðÄÚ´õ
|
JPEG
¾ÐÃà ¾Ë°í¸®Áò ÁÖ¿ä ´Ü°è
|
¡Ø JPEG ¾ÐÃà ¾Ë°í¸®Áò ÁÖ¿ä ´Ü°è
¡Ú ¿µ»ó ¡æ »ö»ó º¯È¯Ç¥
¡æ ´Ù¿î »ùÇøµ ¡æ DCT ¡æ ¾çÀÚÈ ¡æ ÇãÇÁ¸¸ ÄÚµù
¢Â »ö»ó º¯È¯Ç¥
· »ö»óÁ¤º¸¿Í ¸í¾Ï Á¤º¸¸¦ ºÐ¸®
· ±×¸² 2-4. »ö»ó º¯È¯
¢Â ´Ù¿î »ùÇøµ
· »ö»ó Á¤º¸¸¸ ´Ù¿î »ùÇÃ(2x2 ¡æ1x1)
· ¸í¾ÏÁ¤º¸´Â ´«¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÔÀ¸·Î ´Ù¿î »ùÇà ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù
· ±×¸² 2-5. DownSampling
¢Â DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)
· ¼öÇÐÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÛÀº Ǫ¸®¿¡ º¯È¯(½Ã°£ÇÔ¼ö -> ÁÖÆļö
ÇÔ¼ö)°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
· ½ÅÈ£(Signal)´Â ½Ã°£(XÃà)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÁøÆø(YÃà)À¸·Î
Ç¥Çö(Table 2-9)ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸ ¸çÀÌ °ªÀº Ǫ¸®¿¡ º¯È¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Frequency domain(ÁÖÆļö(XÃà)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å© ±â(YÃà))·Î º¯È¯
µÇ¾î °°Àº ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÀÛÀº¼öÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅͷΠǥÇö °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù (Table 2-10 ÂüÁ¶)
· spatial domain --> DCT
--> frequency domain
· TransformÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ : easy
implementation to remove noise from the Signal
· DCT transformation ÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡(Ư¡)
- Large class ÀÇ À̹ÌÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Optimal transform µÇ¾úÀ½ÀÌ Áõ¸í
- orthogonal transform ; 8x8 À̹ÌÁöÀÇ spatial representationÀ»
frequency domain À¸·Î º¯È¯À» Çã¿ë
- ÁÁÀº ¾ÐÃàÀ» ¼ºÃëÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ½±°Ô ¾çÀÚÈ µÇ¾î Áú¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °è¼ö¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
- È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °è»êµÇ¾î Áú¼öÀÖ¾î¼ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þÀÌ·Î ±¸ÇöÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ´Ù.
- ´ëĪÀû(symmetrical)ÀÌ°í Inverse DCT algorithm ÀÌ ±×
À̹ÌÁö¸¦ º¹¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾î Áú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· DCT Calculations
- discrete cosine transform °ø½Ä
DCT(i,j) =
- Inverse cosie transform °ø½Ä
pixel(i,j) =
· gray-scale image ¾ÐÃàÀÇ ¿¹
(1) 8-pixel-by 8-pixel block À¸·Î ºÐÇÒ
(2) 8x8 block Àº block ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ
8x8 matrix ÀÇ gray value ·Î Ç¥Çö
Table 2-9 Input Matrix of
DCT Coefficients
132 136 138 140 144 145 147 155
136 140 140 147
140 148 155
156
140 143 144 135 155 155
140 156
140 143 144 148
150 152 154
155
144 144 146 145
149 150 153
160
150 152 153 153
145 132 160
153
150 156 157 156
140 146 156
145
148
145 146 148
156 160 140
145
|
¡Ú Table 2-9 ´Â ºÐÇÒÇÑ 8x8 matrix ¿¡
´ëÇÑ spatial domainÀ» Ç¥Çö
¡Ú Table 2-9 ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â 8x8
matrix ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¢ pixelÀÇ gray-scale ÁøÆøÀ»
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù
(3) DCT °è¼ö »ý¼º
Table 2-10 Output Matrix
Showing DCT Coefficients
172 -18 15 -8 23 -9 -14 19
21 -34 24 -8
-10 11 14 7
10 -8 -4 -6 -5 4 3 -1
-10 6 -5 4 -4 4 2 1
-8 -2 -3 5 -3 5 4 6
4 -2 -4 6 -4 4 4 2
4 -3 -4 5 6 3 1 1
0
-8 -4 3 2 1 4 0
|
(4) frequency domain DCT
components
- DC coefficient
¤ý Row 0, Column 0 ÀÎ °ª(172)
¤ý ´Ù¸¥ 63°³ÀÇ °è¼öº¸´Ù Å©´Ù.
¤ý 8x8 Input matrix ÀÇ Àüü°ªÀÇ Æò±ÕÀ» Ç¥Çö (¿¡³ÊÁö)
¤ý°íÁÖÆÄ ¼ººÐ
- AC coefficient
¤ý DC °è¼ö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö °è¼ö
¤ý DC °è¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¾î Áú¼ö·Ï Á¡Á¡ °ªÀÌ ÀÛ¾ÆÁø´Ù.
¤ý ÀúÁÖÆÄ ¼ººÐ
¡Ú DCT transform 8x8 block
image´Â matrix ÀÇ Upper left ¿¡ÀÖ´Â frequency domain °ª°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Â Quamtization(¾çÀÚÈ)
· ¾î¶² Á¤º¸°¡ ½Ã°¢Àû Ãæ½Çµµ(ÀûÇÕµµ)ÀÇ ¼Õ½Ç¾øÀÌ Æó±âµÉÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Ã³¸®
· °è¼ö(integer)ÀÇ Á¤¹Ðµµ¸¦ °¨¼Ò --> °è¼ö(integer)À» ÀúÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â
bit ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ °¨¼Ò --> ¾ÐÃà·ü Áõ°¡
· DC °è¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ»¼ö·Ï Á¡Á¡ °ªÀÌ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù.
· ¸ñÀû : disired image qualityÀ» ¼ºÃëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤¹Ðµµ º¸´Ù ´õ ÁÁÀº Á¤¹Ðµµ·Î
Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾îÁö´Â °è¼ö ¾øÀÌ
DCT °è¼ö¸¦ Ç¥Çö
· Quantization table
- ¸¹Àº ½ÇÇèÀ» ÅëÇؼ »ý¼º(JPEG baseline
¾Ë°í¸®Áò¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ)
- ¿©·¯°¡Áö °ø°£ ÁÖÆļö(spatial
frequency)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´«ÀÇ ¹Î°¨µµ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ ÄÚµåÈ
- higer frequency º¸´Ù low
frequency°¡ Á¤¹Ðµµ°¡ ³ô´Ù
- implementor°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾çÀÚÈ Å×À̺íÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ¿©
»ç¿ëÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù
- QuantizedCoefficient(i,j)=DCT(i,j)/Quantum(i,j)
Table 2-11 Quantization
Coefficient Matrix
4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25
7 10 13 16
19 22 25
28
10 13 16 19
22 25 28
31
13 16 19 22
25 28 31
34
16 19 22
25 28 31
34 37
19 22 25 28
31 34 37
40
22 25 28 31
34 37 40
43
25
28 31 34
37 40 43
46
|
Table 2-12 DCT Coefficient
After Quantization
43 3 2 0 0 0 0 0
3 3 2 0
0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
|
¢Â Zigzag Sequence
· 2Â÷¿ø ¹è¿ --> 1Â÷¿ø °è¼ö¿
· RLC codingÀ» ¿ëÀÌ
· ±×¸² 2-6. Zigzag Sequence
¢Â Entropy Encoding
· Entropy
¤ý ¿¿ªÇп¡¼ »óÅ ÇÔ¼ö - Á¤º¸ÀÇ Entropy Å©±â
¤ý ¹®ÀÚ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ³»ÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ °®´Â ÀÚÀ¯µµ ȤÀº Á¤º¸ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºÎÁ¤È®ÀÇ Á¤µµ
· Entropy in number
of bits = -log2(probabilityofobject)
· Entropy Encoding
¤ý¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀÌ ³ôÀº ¹®Àڴ ªÀº Code¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÏ°í ¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀÌ ³·Àº ¹®ÀÚ´Â
±äCode¸¦ ÇÒ´ç ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á
Æò±Õ Code ±æÀ̸¦ ÁÙÀϼö ÀÖ´Ù(¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀÇ ÆíÁßÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϴ¹æ½Ä)
· Entropy encoding
schemes
- Huffman coding
Coding , DecodingÀ» À§Çؼ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Á¤µÈ
Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ±×ÀÌ»óÀÇ Huffman Code tableÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù
- arithmetic coding
Coding tableÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù
· DC Coefficient Coding
- ±×¸² 2-7. Differential DC Coefficient
- differential DC coefficient
is delta D = DCx-DCx-1
- Each differential DC
coefficient ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ Symbol(symbol-1,symbol2)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÄÚµåÈ
¡Ú symbol-1 : °è¼öÀÇ Â÷ºÐÄ¡¸¦ ÄÚµåÈ
ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ bitÀÇ ¼ö
¡Ú symbol-2 : Â÷ºÐÄ¡À» Ç¥Çö
Table 2-13 DC Coefficient
Encoding
Bit Length BCD
Differential DC Coefficient Value
0 0000 0
1 0001 -1
, 1
2 0010 -3
,-2 , 2, 3
3 0100 -7
.. -4 , 4 .. 7
4 0100 -15
.. -8 , 8 .. 15
5 0101 -31
..-16 , 16 .. 31
6 0110 -63
..-32 , 32 .. 63
7 0111
-127 .. -33 , 33 .. 127
8 1000
-255 .. -128 , 128 .. 255
9 1001
-511 .. -256 , 256 .. 511
10 1010
-1023 .. -512 , 512 .. 1023
|
- Example
D = 9 ÀÎ °æ¿ì
DC Coefficient Coding ¡æ 0100
1001
· AC Coefficient Coding
- µÎ °³ÀÇ Symbol(Symbol-1,Symbol-2)¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ç¥Çö
¡Ú Symbol-1 : run
length , size Á¤º¸·Î Ç¥Çö
run length : Nonzero-value AC
°è¼ö¸¦ ¸¸³ª±â Àü¿¡ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ zero-value AC°è¼öÀÇ ¼ö
size : AC °è¼ö°ªÀ» ÄÚµåÈ Çϱâ À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â
bit ÀÇ ¼ö
¡Ú Symbol-2 : AC °è¼ö°ªÀ» Ç¥Çö
- Symbol-1
Table 2-12 DCT Coefficient
After Quantization
NNNN : run length(0-15)
SSSS : size
- Example
ZiaZag Sequence ¡æ 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 9
AC Coefficient Coding ¡æ 1111
0100 0100 1001
|
Video Image
Compression
|
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ , ÀüÈ , TV µî ´ëÁ߸Åü°¡ ÅëÇÕµÈ ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î ½Ã´ë°¡ µµ·¡
¡æ ¹æ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °í¼ÓÀÇ Àü¼Û·Î ¿Í ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¿ä±¸
¡æ Á¦ÇÑµÈ Àü¼Û·Î ÇÏ¿¡¼ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¾ÐÃàÀÌ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ̸ç ƯÈ÷ µðÁöÅÐ ¿µ»ó ¾ÐÃà±â¼úÀÌ ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ
·ê·Î ´ëµÎ
¢Â Multmedia Standards
- ±×¸² 2-8. Multimedia Standards
¢Â Requirements for Full_Motion Video Compression
· Symmetric application
- ¾ÐÃà°ú º¹¿øÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¿ä±¸
- ¿¹> ¿µ»ó ȸÀÇ , multimedia
messaging systems
- Video camers ,scanner ¿Í °°Àº
On-line input device °¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
· Asymmetric application
- ¾ÐÃàÀº Çѹø¸¸ ÇàÇØÁö¸ç º¹¿øÀº Á¾Á¾ ¿ä±¸
- ¿¹> CD-ROM»ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â video
games, ¹Ì¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µÈ Á¤º¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º
- On-line input device °¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù
· MPEG±â¹Ý application ÀÇ ¿ä±¸ Á¶°Ç
- Random Access
- VCR Paradigm
- Audio-Video Synchronization
- Multiplexing Multiple
Compressed Audio and Video Bit Streams
- Editability
- Playback Device
Flexibility(Àç»ýÀåÄ¡ À¶Å뼺)
¢Â CCITT H.261 Video Coding Algorithm(Px64)
· BT.601
- ITU-R(1982)¿¡¼ ¹æ¼ÛTV ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ µðÁöÅÐ
Ç¥ÇöÀ» ±ÔÁ¤
- ºñÆ®À²: 216Mbps(¾ÐÃà ºÎȣȰ¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ½)
· H.261
- ITU-T(1990)¿¡¼ ÀúºñÆ®À²ÀÇ ºÎÈ£È Ç¥ÁØÀ»
¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Px64kbps(p=1-30) audiovisual Åë½Å¿ë
¿µ»óºÎÈ£È ±ÔÁ¤
- ¿µ»ó Æ÷¸Ë : CIF,QCIF¸¦ äÅÃ
- ºÎȣȹæ½Ä : ¿òÁ÷ÀÓº¸»ó ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ°£ ºÎȣȿÍ
DCTÀ» °áÇÕÇÑ ÇÏÀ̺긮µå ºÎÈ£È
- ÀÀ¿ë ºÐ¾ß : N-ISDN ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¿µ»óÀüÈ , ¿µ»óȸÀÇ
- MPEGµîÀÇ ¿µ»óºÎÈ£È Ç¥ÁØÈÀÇ ±âÃÊ
¡ÚBT.601(1982) ¡æ H.261(1990) ¡æ MPEG-I(1993) ¡æ MPEG-II(1993) ¡æ MPEG-¥³
· CIF(Common Intermediate
format),QCIF(Quater CIF:CIFÀÇ 1/4 pixtel¼ö)
- TV ¿µ»ó½ÅÈ£
NTSC(¹Ì±¹TV¹æ½Ä, 525¶óÀÎÀÇ Áֻ缱)
SECAM(µ¿À¯·´TV¹æ½Ä, 625¶óÀÎÀÇ Áֻ缱)
- ÀÌµé ½ÅÈ£´Â 1ÃÊ´ç frame¼ö¿Í ȸéÀÇ Áֻ缱¼öµîÀÌ
°¢ ¹æ½Ä¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£¹Ç·Î ¿µ»óÀüÈ/ȸÀÇ
´Ü¸»°£¿¡ »ó´ë ´Ü¸»ÀÇ ¿µ»ó½ÅÈ£¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀǽÄÇÏ Áö¾Ê°í Åë½Å ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï
CIF,QCIF¸¦ ±ÔÁ¤
- °¢ ¿µ»ó½ÅÈ£¹æ½ÄÀ» CIF ³ª QCIF·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿©
ºÎÈ£È ÇÏ°í º¹È£È ÇÑ µÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÅÈ£ ¹æ½Ä¿¡
¸ÂÃß¾î ¿ªº¯È¯
±×¸² 2-9. ¿µ»ó½ÅÈ£ °øÅë Æ÷¸ä
- CIF :352pixtel X 176line
,QCIF : 176pixel X 88line
· H.261 ¿µ»ó µ¥ÀÌÅÍ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶
±×¸² 2-10. H.261 ¿µ»óµ¥ÀÌÅÍ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶
· H.261 µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Æ÷¸Ë
±×¸² 2-11. H.261 µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Æ÷¸ä
¢Â Moving Picture Experts Group Compression
· MPEG-I
CD ,DAT(digital audio tape),
Çϵåµð½ºÅ©, ±¤ ÀúÀåÀåÄ¡ µî 1.5Mpps Á¤µµÀÇ Àü¼ÛÀ²À» °®´Â µðÁöÅÐ ÀúÀå
¸Åü(DSM:digital storage media)¿¡ µ¿¿µ»ó µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦
¾ÐÃàÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±¹Á¦ Ç¥ÁØ ±Ô°Ý
· MPEG-II
µðÁöÅÐ ÀúÁ¤ ¸Åü »Ó¾Æ´Ï¶ó Åë½Å, ¹æ¼Û(HDTV)µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ß¿¡
Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹ü¿ë Ç¥ÁØ
(generic standard)À¸·Î ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ßÀÇ
Àû¿ëÀ» À§Çؼ Profile °ú levelÀ» Á¤ÀÇ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
- Profile
MPEG-II Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±â´Éµé
Áß¿¡¼ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎ ºÐ¸¸ ¸ð¾Æ¼ ¸¸µç
ƯÁ¤±â´ÉµéÀÇ ÁýÇÕ
- Level
¿µ»óÅ©±â¸¦ ±ÔÁ¤
Level Profile
|
Simple
|
Main
|
SNR Scalable
|
High
|
High [1920x1080x30 or 1920x1152x25]
|
|
MP@HL
(US ATV)
|
|
HP@HL
|
High-1440 [1440x1080x30 or
1440x1152x25]
|
|
MP@H1440
|
|
HP@H1440
|
Main [720x480x29 or 720x576x25]
|
SP@ML
(digital CATV)
|
MP@ML
(digital DBC,
video disc)
|
SNP@ML
|
HP@ML
|
Low [352x288x29.97]
|
|
MP@LL
|
SNP@ML
|
|
¢Â MPEG Coding Methodology
· ¿ä±¸ Á¶°Ç
- very high level of compression
º¸´Ù ³ôÀº ¾ÐÃàÀ² ÀÌ·ç±â À§Çؼ´Â ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ frameµé ³»ÀÇ ºÎȣȰ¡
ÀÌ·ç¾î Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù
(interframing coding :¿µ»ó³»ÀÇ
¾ÐÃà)
- access information randomly
·£´ýÇÏ°Ô Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿¢¼¼½º Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ƯÁ¤ frameÀ» ¹¾î¼ ºÎÈ£È
ÇÑ´Ù
(intraframe coding : ¿µ»ó°£ÀÇ ¾ÐÃà)
· ±âº» °³³ä
µ¿È»óÀº ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÇÑ Àå¸é ÇÑ Àå¸éÀÇ Á¤Áö È»óÀÎ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓµé·Î ±¸ÇöµÇ´Âµ¥ ÃÊ´ç 30ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀ»
ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© µ¿È»óÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Ù°í ÇßÀ» ¶§ µ¿È»óÀ̶ó Çصµ »ó´çÈ÷ Å« µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀÌ»ó,
¼ö·ÏÇÏ°í ±×ÈÄ ¸îÃʵ¿¾È¿¡´Â 1/30ÃÊÈÄ¿¡ º¯ÈÇÑ ºÎºÐ¸¸À» Â÷·Ê·Î ¼ö·ÏÇØ°£´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¸îÃÊ ÈÄ¿¡
¶Ç´Ù½Ã ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼ö·ÏÇÏ´Â ¿ø¸®´Ù.
· MPEG video
compression standard
- °ø°£Àû Á¤º¸ ¾ÐÃà : DCT
- ½Ã°£Àû Á¤º¸ ¾ÐÃà(ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ°£ ¿¹Ãø) :
block-based Motion compensation
¢Â Moving Picture Types
· GOP(Group Of Picture)
·£´ý ¾×¼¼½º°¡ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¸îÀåÀÇ È¸é µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÇÑ ¹À½À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â GOP±¸Á¶¸¦ Á¤ÀÇ
ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç GOP ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼°¡Áö Type ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.
¡Ù Intrapictures(I)
¡Ù Unidirectionally Predicted
pictures(P)
¡Ù Bidirectionally Predicted
pictures(B)
· I Picture
¤ýÇØ´ç ȸé Á¤º¸¸¸À¸·Î ºÎȣȵǴ ȸé
¤ý¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¾î¶² Àå¼Ò¿¡¼µµ À§Ä¡½Ãų¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·£´ý ¾×¼¼½º¸¦ À§ÇØ
»ç¿ë(·£´ý ¾×¼¼½º Á¡À» Á¦°ø)
· P Picture
¤ý°ú°ÅÀÇ Picture(I picture ¶Ç´Â P picture)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¿¹ÃøÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ½á »ý±â´Â ȸé
· B Picture
¤ý¾ç¹æÇâ(°ú°ÅÀÇ Picture¿Í ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Picture)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ»
¼öÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ½á »ý±â´Â ȸé
· ¡Ú ºÎÈ£È ¼ø¼ : I,P
PictureÀ» ¿ì¼± ºÎÈ£È ¡æ B Picture ºÎÈ£È
±×¸² 2-12. Moving Compensation for Coding MPEG
¢Â Motion Compensation(¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»ó)
· visual telephony , full
-motion video ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº» ¾ÐÃà ¾Ë°í¸®Áò
¤ý ÀÌÀü ȸ鿡¼ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¤ÅÍ(Motion vector) °¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â
°÷À» ã¾Æ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¿µ¿ªºÐÀÇ È¸éÀ»
°¡Á®¿À´Â °úÁ¤
±×¸² 2-13. Motion Compensation Motion Vector
¤ý Picture Coding Method
· ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»óÀÇ ´ÜÀ§ :
Macroblock(16x16 pixel)
· Macroblock ÀÇ type
Interpicute(I)
-¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»ó º¤ÅÍ°¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇØ´ç ȸéÁ¤º¸¸¸À¸·Î ºÎÈ£È(JPEG
¾Ë °í±âÁò°ú µ¿ÀÏ)
Predicted Pictures(P)
-ºÎȣȸ¦ À§Çؼ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»ó ¿¹Ãø ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç °¢
MB ¿òÁ÷ ÀÔ º¤Å͸¦ »êÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ
ÀÌÀüÀÇ P ,I PictureÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
Bidirectionally predicted
Picture(B)
-forward(past) ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»ó,backward(next)
¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»ó,
-interpolative ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»óÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÎÈ£È
· MPEG encoder
- °ø°£Àû Á¤º¸ ¾ÐÃà: JPEG ¾Ë°í¸®Áò°ú µ¿ÀÏ
- ½Ã°£Àû Á¤º¸ ¾ÐÃà: ÀÌÀü Frame °ú ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ º¸»ó¿¡
ÀÇÇÑ ¿¹Ãø Frame°ú È¥ÇÕÇÏ¿© Future FrameÀ»
»ý¼ºÇÏ°í ºÎÈ£È ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 2-14. MPEG Encoder ±¸Á¶
¢Â MPEG - 2
· ÇöÀç TV ¹æ¼Û ¾ÐÃà°ú º¹¿ø ¹× HDTV ¹æ¼Û ¾ÐÃà º¹¿øµî¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î Ç¥ÁØÈ ¤ý MPEG -
2 Æ÷ÁØÀº ´ÙÀ½À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
1. Viedocoding
2. Audiocoding
3. Multiplexing
¢Â MPEG - 2, "The Grand Alliance"
· MPEG-2 À§¿øȸ¿Í FCC "The
Grand Alliance" ¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â Çù¾àÀ» ¸Î¿´´Ù.
¿©±â¿¡´Â AT&T , MIT , Philips ÀÇ ´ÜüµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǸç ÀÌµé ´ÜüµéÀº ¹Ì±¹°ú À¯·´ÀÇ HDTV½Ã½ºÅÛÀ»
Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â advanced digital television system ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Á¤ÀÇ
· advanced digital television
systemÀÇ °³¿ä
1. format - 1080/2:1/60 or
720/1:1/60
2. Video Coding - MPEG-2 main
profile and high level
3. Audio Coding - Dolby AC3
4. Multiplexor - As defined
in MPEG-2
5. Modulation - 8-VSB for
terrestrial and 64-QAM for cable
¢Â Vector Quantization
· efficient pattern-matching
algorithm
· groupº° ¾çÀÚÈ ¡æ code book »ý¼º ¡æ
table lookup(decoder
±×¸² 2-15. Vector Quantization
¢Â Intel's Indeo Technology
·4 ½Ã°£¿¡¼ 10½Ã°£ Á¤µµÀÇ ¾ÐÃàµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µðÁöÅÐ ºñµð¿À
ÆÄÀÏÀÇ »çÀÌÁ ÁÙ ÀÌ´Â Software Technology
·¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ
"lossy" ¿Í "lossless" ¾ÐÃà ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ë
·Analog ViedoÀ»
Video Capture board¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ µðÁöÅÐ Æ÷¸ËÀ¸·Î º¯È¯
· ¾ÐÃà ±â¹ý
- YUV sampling
- Pixel differencing and
temporal Compression( Pixel ¶Ç´Â Frameµé °£ÀÇ º¯È Á¤º¸¸¸À» ÀúÀåÇÏ¿©
µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·®À» Ãà¼Ò)
- Run-length encoding(¾çÀÚȵÈ
Vector Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ÐÃà)
- Variable-content encoding(°¡º¯Àü
Á¤º¸·®À» °íÁ¤µÈ bitÀÇ ¼ö·Î Ãà¼Ò)
¤ý¾ÐÃàµÈ µðÁöÅÐ Viedo ´Â Audio Á¤º¸¿Í ¹¿©¼
Macrosoft's AVI ¶Ç´Â
Apple's QuickTime °ú °°Àº Ç¥ÁØ ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ËÀ¸·Î
ÀúÀå
¢Â Apple's QuickTime
· Àú°¡ ¸ð¼Ç ºñµð¿ÀÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀûÀÎ ¾ÐÃà/
º¹¿ø ±â¹ý
· Ưº°ÇÑ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¾øÀ̵µ ÀÏ¹Ý PC¿¡¼ ºñµð¿À ¿µ»óÀ»
º¼¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
· ¾ÐÃà ±â¹ý ¡æ Vector
Quantization(25¿¡¼ 200 ±îÁöÀÇ ¾ÐÃàÀ²À» Á¦°ø)
· ºñµð¿À Çػ󵵴 Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ Áö¿ø¾øÀÌ 320x240À¸·Î
ÃÊ´ç 30 ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ±îÁö °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
¢Â Microsoft AVI
· Àú°¡ ÀúÇØ»óµµ ºñµð¿À¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ Çü½Ä
· ¸Åü Àç»ý±â¸¦ ÅëÇؼ AVI ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· 160x120 Å©±âÀÇ À©µµ¿ì¿¡¼ ÃÊ´ç 15ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î
ºñµð¿À °¨»ó °¡´É
¢Â Intel's DVI(Digital Viedo Interface)
·Hardware Standard
|
Audio Compression
|
· Audio´Â ¿©·¯ ÁÖÆļöÀÇ
analog ½ÅÈ£·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù
· Audio ½ÅÈ£´Â µðÁöÅÐ ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯µÇ¾î ó¸® ,
ÀúÀå Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù
¢Â ¾ÐÃà ¾Ë°í¸®Áò
- linear predictive coding
- adaptive differential
pulse code modulation(ADPCM)
¢Â CCITT ±Ç°í
- G.711:1988 - Coding of
analog signals by 64-kbit/sec Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)
- G.721:1988 - 32-kbit/sec
ADPCM
- G.723:1988 - Extensions of
Rec.G.721 ADPCM to 24 and 40-kbit/sec
¢Â Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
¡Ø PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)
: analog ½ÅÈ£ ¡æ Digital ½ÅÈ£
- »ùÇøµµÈ Á¤º¸ ÇϳªÇϳª¸¦ ºÎÈ£È ÇÏ¿© 0,1À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â
ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ °è¿·Î ġȯ ½ÃÅ°´Â °Í
-±×¸² 2-16. PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)
- ADPCM : data stream¿¡¼ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ
»ùÇõéÀÇ °ª Â÷À̸¸À» ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ºÎÈ£È ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾ÐÃàÇÏ´Â
¹æ½Ä
|
Resource
Interchange File Format(RIFF)
|
¢Â RIFF¶õ?
· RIFF´Â »õ·Î¿î file formatÀº ¾Æ´Ô
· Microsoft windows¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ
applicationÀ» À§ÇÑ Multimedia file formatsÀ» À§ÇÑ outlineÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ °Í.
· ´ÜÁö ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î½á »ç¿ëµÊ.
· RIFF´Â custom file formatÀ»
RIFF±¸Á¶·Î µÑ·¯½ÓÀ¸·Î½á RIFF File FormatÀ¸·Î Àüȯ½ÃÅ´.
¢Á ¿¹) MIDI File Format : RIFF
"chunks(Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÄÚµåÈµÈ blocks)"ÀÇformat¿¡ ÀÖ´Â RIFF structure¸¦ MIDI file¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î
RIFF MIDI·Î ÀüȯµÊ.
¢Â RIFFÈÀÏÀº TIFF¿Í °°Àº tagged file formatÀÌ°í,tagµéÀ» tagÁ¤º¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÔ.
· tagged file format¸¦ ¾²¸é ¿ä±¸µÈ tagµéÀ» ã´Âµ¥ 32-bit ASCII stringsÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡
search°¡ ´õ ºü¸§.
· change³ª update´Â tagµéÀ» º¯È¯Çϰųª »õ tagµéÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´õ ½±°Ô Á¶À۵ǾîÁü.
· °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, TIFF¿Í RIFF¿Í °°Àº tagged file formatÀº »õ tagÀÇ Ãß°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È®Àå °¡´ÉÇÑ fileÀ»
Á¶Á÷ÈÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
· file¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ tagged blockÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ø°£ÀÌ Á¦°øµÊ.
¢Â file reader´Â interpretingÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ information content¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¢Á ¿¹) applicationÀÌ recording
formatÀÇ ³ôÀº ÁÖÆļö º¹»çº»À» Á¶ÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é ÀÌ tag´Â skipµÇ°í, ³·Àº ÁÖÆļö º¹»çº» tagµéÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ ÅëÇؼ Á¶ÀÛ(ÀÛµ¿)µÈ´Ù.
¢Â RIFF file formatÀº "chunks"¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â dataÀÇ Blockµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.
· chunk´Â TIFF fileÀÇ image file directory entry¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ °Í
· °¢ RIFF chunk´Â 'tag'¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â 4°³ÀÇ character ASCII stringÀ» ±¸¼º
· ±×¸² 3-4¿¡¼ º¸´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ 4byte´Â chunk dataÀÇ Å©±â¿Í ±×
ÀÌÈÄÀÇ data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· RIFF specificationÀº ¾Æ·¡ chunkÀÇ Á¾·ùµé·Î Á¤ÀǵȴÙ.
¨ç RIFF chunk - RIFF fileÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ»
Á¤ÀÇÇÔ
¨è List chunk - archival
location°ú copyright information, creation dataµî°ú °°Àº Ãß°¡ file Á¤º¸¸¦ ³»Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù.
¨é Sub chunk - primary chunk°¡
ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ primary chunk¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ Ãß°¡½ÃÅ´
¢À±×¸² 3-4. RIFF chunkÀÇ Á¶Á÷µµ
¢Â RIFF file¿¡ Àִ ù ¹ø° chunk´Â RIFF chunkÀ̾î¾ß ÇÔ
· ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ sub_chunk¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
· RIFF chunk data fieldÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° 4byte form type field¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÒ´çµÇ¾îÁö°í, file¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ
dataÀÇ Çü½Ä(AVI, WAV, RMID µî)À» Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 4°³ÀÇ character¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· ¾Æ·¡ Table 3-14´Â Microsoft windows multimedia RIFF file typeÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ filename
extensionÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
Table 3-14 Filename
Extension for RIFF
File Type
|
Form Type
|
File Extension
|
Waveform Audio File
Audio Video Interleaved File
MIDI File
Device Independent Bitmap File
Palette File
|
WAVE
AVI
RMID
RDIB
PAL
|
.WAV
.AVI
.RMI
.RDI
.PAL
|
¢Â subchunk´Â, dataÀÇ typeÀ» Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â 4 character ASCII string ID¿Í data °ªÀÇ Ä«¿îÆ®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â
sizeÀÇ 4 byte¿Í µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±× ÀÚü¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· chunkÀÇ data ±¸Á¶´Â RIFF chunkÀ̵ç,
list chunkÀ̵ç, subchunkÀÌµç ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
typedef unsigned long DWORD; typedef unsigned char BYTE; typedef DWORD FOURCC; // Data type four-character code representing // 32 bit word containing one to four ASCII // alphanumeric characters typedef struct { FOURCC ckID; // Up to 4 character ID, e.g. for WAVE, AVI DWORD ckSize; // the number of bytes in the data BYTE ckData[ckSize]; // Array containing the actual data of the // chunk } CK;
· À§ ¿¹ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° part´Â tag¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í, µÎ
¹ø° ÆÄÆ®´Â structure CK, chunk¿¡ ÀÖ´Â data¸¦ °¡Áø chunk¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
|
RIFF Chunk with
Two Subchunks
|
¢Â Figure 3-4¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ (±×¸®°í structure CK)µíÀÌ, RIFF chunkÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° 4 ¹®ÀÚ´Â
"RIFF" ASCII stringÀ» À§ÇØ ¿¹¾àµÇ¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Â ´ÙÀ½ 4 byte´Â ÃÑ
data size¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
· RIFF chunk ÀÚüÀÇ 8 byte¿Í ¸ðµç subchunkÀÇ sizeÀÌ´Ù.
· data field¿¡ Àִ ù ¹ø° 4°³ character´Â, Form TypeÀ» À§Çؼ ¿¹¾àµÇ¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
-- ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â "WAVE"
type
· data fieldÀÇ ³²Àº ºÎºÐÀº, µÎ °³ÀÇ
subchunks¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
-- waveformÀÇ recordy Ư¼ºÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â
ù ¹ø° typeÀº fmt,
-- µÎ ¹ø° typeÀº waveformÀÇ data¸¦
Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â dataÀÌ´Ù.
¢Â ¾Æ·¡ code´Â data field Á¶ÀÛÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
RIFF ('WAVE' { SubChunk1 'fmt' SubChunk2 'data' } )
¢Â Table 3-15´Â RIFF File±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϱâ
À§ÇØ Micrsoft Windows¿¡¼ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â TADA.WAV waveform audio file¿¡ ´ëÇÑ chunks¸¦ ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â ÀÌ ¿¹¿¡¼´Â RIFF FormÀº 2°³ÀÇ subchunk¸¦ °¡Áö´Â WAVE typeÀÌ´Ù.
· subchunk fmt´Â audio waveform dataÀÇ recording Ư¼ºÀ» Ç¥Çö
· subchunk data´Â waveformÀÇ data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· offset°ú code °ªÀ» hex·Î ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
|
List Chunk
|
¢Â list chunksÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº?
· list chunks´Â archival
location, copyright information, creation date, description of the contents
of the fileµî°ú °°Àº Ãß°¡ÈÀÏ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³»Æ÷
· identificationÀ» À§ÇÑ 4°³ ¹®ÀÚ
ASCII stringÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.
· data¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÎ¿©µÈ dataÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇÑ
4byte size field¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.
· data fieldÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° 4¹®ÀÚµéÀº list
type field¿¡ À§Ä¡
- Microsoft´Â ´ÜÁö 'INFO'¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ¹®¼ÈµÈ
ÇϳªÀÇ list type¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.
- INFO list´Â copyright
information, creation date archivla location µî°ú °°Àº Ãß°¡ file Á¤º¸¸¦ À§ÇØ subchunks¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù,
|
RIFF waveform
Audio file format with INFO list chunk
|
¢Â INFO list chunks¸¦ °¡Áø RIFF Waveform file format
· ù ¹ø° subchunk´Â company nameÀ»
Ç¥ÇöÇÑ "INAM"
· µÎ ¹ø° subvhunk´Â copyright
informationÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ "ICOP"
· ¼¼ ¹ø° subchunk´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ ³¯Â¥¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â
¿ìÇÑ "ICRD"
¢Â INFO list
chunks¸¦ °¡Áø RIFF Waveform file formatÀÇ psedo code
RIFF ('WAVE'' LIST ('INFO' { SubChunk 'INAM' SubChunk 'ICOP' SubChunk 'ICRD' } ) { SubChunk 'fmt' SubChunk 'data' } )
¢Â subchunk "fmt"´Â ¾Æ·¡ data structure¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ.
typedef struct tagwaveformat { WORD wFormatTag; //Waveform format type WORD nChannels; // Number of channels WORD nSamplesPerSec; //Sampling rate WORD nAvgBytesPerSec; //Average transfer rate for buffering WORD nBlockAlign; //Block alignments UNIT nBitsPerSample; //Number of bits per sample ) WAVEFORMAT; |
RIFF MIDI File
Format
|
¢Â RIFF MIDI File formatÀº MIDI formatÁÖÀ§¸¦ µÑ·¯½Ñ RIFF wrapper¸¦ ĪÇÑ´Ù.
· RIFF MIDI´Â "RMID"
form type¸¦ °¡Áø RIFF chunk¿Í MIDI dataµ¥ ´ëÇØ "data"¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â subchunk¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· ±âº» MIDI FileÀº ¾Æ·¡ sample
colde¿¡¼ º¸´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ data subchunk³»¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ
RIFF( 'RMID' {subchunk 'data' } ) |
RIFF
DIBS(Device-Independent Bitmaps)
|
¢Â DIBs´Â JPEG DIB¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö°í, motion images¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
¢Â
DIB(Device-Independent Bitmap)Àº device¿Í´Â µ¶¸³µÈ bitmapÀÇ color atributes¿Í bitmapÀ»
Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¼ÒÇÁÆ® À©µµ¿ìÀÇ standard format
· ÀÌ formatÀº ´Ù¸¥ device¿¡¼ displayµÇ°í printµÇ¾îÁö´Â DIB¸¦ ¾µ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· DIBs´Â windows³»ÀÇ .WMF metafile°ú clipboard ¶Ç´Â DIBs´Â Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î BMP file¿¡ ³»Æ÷µÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
· DIB±¸Á¶´Â BITMAPINFOHEADER¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â bitmap information header¿Í RGBQUAD¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â
color table structure¿Í pixel bitmap¿¡ ´ëÇÑ bytesÀÇ ¹è¿·Î ±¸¼º
· ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
BITMAPINFOHEADER
|
RGBQUAD
|
PIXELS
|
¢Â DIB±¸Á¶¿¡ Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î DIB fileÀº DIB ±¸Á¶Àü¿¡ ±â¼úµÈ BITMAPFILE HEADER¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â bitmap file
header±¸Á¶¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· ¾Æ·¡´Â DIB file format(BMP
formatÀ̶ó ¾Ë·ÁÁø)À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
BITMAPFILEHEADER
|
BITMAPINFO = BITMAPINFOHEADER + RGBQUAD
|
PIXELS
|
¢Â À§ÀÇ ÀÌ DIB File formatÀº ¾Æ·¡ ±¸Á¶·Î¼ Ç¥ÇöµÊ
BITMAPFILEHEADER: bmFileHeader; //file header BITMAPINFO: bmInfo; //containing a BITMAPINFOHEADER structure //with header information and RGBQUAD // structure containing the array of colors BYTE: bBitmapBits[ ]; //array of bitmap bits
· BINTMAPFILEHEADER ±¸Á¶¿¡¼´Â
Bitmap fileÀÇ type¿Í Å©±â¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· BITMAPINFO±¸Á¶´Â BITMAPINFOHEADER±¸Á¶¿Í RGBQUAD±¸Á¶·Î¼ ±¸¼ºµÊ
· BITMAPINFOHEADER±¸Á¶´Â dimensions, compression type¿Í bitmapÀ» À§ÇÑ color
formatÀ» ±â¼ú
¢Â DIB file formatÀº RGBQUAD structuresÀÇ
¹è¿À» Æ÷ÇÔ
· ÀÌ ¹è¿¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ ¼ö´Â bitmap¿¡ ÀÖ´Â colorÀÇ ÃÑ ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
· ÀÌ color tableÀº pixel´ç 24 color bits¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ bitmap¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
· ÀÌ °æ¿ì 24bit°ª ÀÚü´Â RGB color°ªÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. RGBQUAD ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡ code segment¿Í °°´Ù.
typedef struct tagRGBQUAD { BYTE rgbBlue; //the intensity of blue color BYTE rgbGreen; // the intensity of green color BYTE rgbRed; // the intensity of red color BYTE rgbReserved; // must be zero } RGBQUAD; |
RIFF DIB File
Format
|
¢Â ·RIFF DIB File FormatÀº form type "RDIB"¿Í DIB data¸¦
À§ÇÑ "data"¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â subchunk¸¦ °¡Áø RIFF chunk¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· DIB data´Â ´ÜÁö ¿ì¸®°¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ DIB
File FormatÀÌ´Ù.
· ¾Æ·¡ÄÚµå segment´Â RIFF chunk¿¡
DIB fileÀ» ³»Æ÷ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù
RIFF ('RDIB' { SubChunk 'data' } ) |
RIFF PALETTE File
Format
|
¢Â RIFF palette file formatÀº Form type "RPAL"À» °¡Áø
RIFF chunk¿Í palette data¸¦ À§ÇÑ "data"¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â subchunk¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· Microsoft windows ³í¸®Àû
palette ±¸Á¶´Â RIFF data subchunk¿¡ ³»Æ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
RIFF ('RPAL' { SubChunk 'data' } )
· palette ±¸Á¶´Â
palette version number, palette entryÀÇ number, red, green, blue colorsÀÇ
intensity¿Í palette usage¿¡ ´ëÇÑ flagµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· ÀÌ palette ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡ code
segment¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ç¥Çö
type struct tagLOGPALETTE { WORD palVersion; //Windows version number for the structure WORD palNumEntries; //Number of palette color entries PALETTEENTRY palPalEntry[ ]; } LOGPALETTE;
· PALETTEENTRY
data±¸Á¶´Â red, green, blue color¿Í palette usage¿¡ ´ëÇÑ flageµéÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù.
· ÀÌ PALETTENTRY ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡ code
segment¿¡¼ ±¸ÇöµÈ´Ù.
type struct tagPALETTENENTRY { BYTE peRed; // Intensity of red color BYTE peGreen; // Intensity of green color BYTE peBlue; // Intensity of blue color BYTE peFlags; // Defines the usage of the palette entry } PALETTEENTRY; |
RIFF Audio Video
Interleaved(AVI) File Format
|
¢Â AVI fileÀº RIFF AVI file formatÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ RIFF Format³»¿¡ ³»Æ÷µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· RIFF AVI FileÀº Form type
"AVI"¸¦ °¡Áö´Â RIFF chunk¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í, 2°³ÀÇ À§ÀÓµÈ LIST chunksÀÎ "hdr1"°ú
"movi"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· ÀÌ list chunka
"hdr1"Àº dataÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í, "movi"´Â audio-video streamÀ» À§ÇÑ
data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· "idx1"À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ¼¼ ¹ø°
list chunk´Â ÀÓÀÇÀÇ index chunk
· "hdr1"°ú
"movi" list chunksµéÀº ÀÓÀÇÀÇ subchunks¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½.
· ÀÌ list chunk
"hdr1"Àº main AVI header¿Í stream header "strh" subchunk,
stream format chunk "strf" subchunk¿Í ÀÓÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î Ãß°¡µÉ data chunk
"strd"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
¢Â
"movi" chunk
· LIST chunk "movi"´Â data chunk¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â subchunk¿¡¼ audio-video
stream¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· movie chunk´Â "rec" chunk¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ subchunks¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· "rec" chunk´Â groupÀ» Çü¼ºÇÒ data subchunk·Î groupȵȴÙ.
· data chunk´Â ½ÇÁ¦ data¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µû¶ó¿À´Â "##nn"ÀÇ 4°³ ¹®ÀÚ stringÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ
- ù ¹ø° µÎ ¹®ÀÚ´Â stream ¼ö(number)¸¦
Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í, µÎ ¹ø° µÎ ¹®ÀÚ´Â data chunk¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ dataÀÇ type¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
|
INDEX "idx1"
Chunk
|
¢Â index chunk´Â AVI file¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓÀÇÀûÀÎ chunkÀÌ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº LIST
"mov"chunkÈÄ¿¡ À§Ä¡µÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
· °¢ movi chunk´Â ÇϳªÀÇ index
chunk¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· À妽º chunk´Â data chunksÀÇ
entries¿¡ ´ëÇÑ indexing Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö°í, file¿¡¼ À̵é data chunksÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ À§Ä¡ÀÇ entry¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Àε¦½Ì Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÔ.
¢Â Index chunksÀº ¹«¾ù¿¡
»ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â°¡?
· audio¿Í video streamÀÇ playbackÀÌ »ðÀÔÇÏ°í, "rec" chunk¿Í data chunks¸¦
ÇÔ²² groupÈÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· index chunk´Â large interleaved AVI file¿¡ audio segment³ª video frame¿¡
random accessÇÒ °¢ rec chunk¿¡ ´ëÇÑ entries¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ
· Index chunk´Â entry¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â AVIINDEXENTRY±¸Á¶¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µû¶ó³ª¿À´Â 4°³ ¹®ÀÚ½ºÆ®¸µÀÎ identifier
"idx1"À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
· rec chunks¿¡ ´ëÇÑ multiple entries¸¦ °¡Áø index chunks´Â AVIINDEXENTRY±¸Á¶µéÀÇ ¹è¿À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· AVIINDEXENTRY ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡ code segment¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù.
typedef struct { DWORD ckid; DWORD dwFlags; DWORD dwChunkoffset; DWORD dwChunkLength; } AVIINDEXENTRY; |
MIDI File Format
|
¢Â RIFF File Format°ú °°ÀÌ MIDI file formatÀº dataÀÇ chunks(blocks)¸¦
Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· MIDI´Â header chunks¿Í track
chunks¶ó´Â µÎ ŸÀÔÀÇ chunks¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â Header chunk
· header chunk´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ 14byte·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ç ù ¹ø° 4°³ ¹®ÀÚ stringÀº
identifier stringÀÌ´Ù. "MThd."
¨è µÎ ¹ø° 4byte´Â header chunk¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
data size¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù, : ÀÌ°ÍÀº 6byteÀÇ °íÁ¤µÈ °ªÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀÌ´Ù.
¨é ³ª¸ÓÁö 6byte´Â header chunk¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â Track chunk
· track chunk´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¶Á÷ȵȴÙ.
¨ç ù ¹ø° 4°³ ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº
"MTrk"¶ó´Â ÀνÄÀÚ
¨è µÎ ¹ø° 4°³ ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº trackÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÔ
¨é chunkÀÇ ³²Àº ºÎºÐÀº MIDI
Messages¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÔ.
¢Â MIDI message´Â MIDI 1.0 specfication¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ MIDI Communications protocol¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ´Ù.
|
MIDI Communication
Protocol
|
¢Â MIDI communication protocolÀº multibyte messages¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. : ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ
ŸÀÔ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö
· ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â channel messages¿Í
system messages 2°³ÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Â Channel
Messages
· channel message´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¿¡ 3byte¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
· ù ¹ø° ¹ÙÀÌÆ®´Â status byteÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù.
· 16°³ ä³Î Áß Çϳª·Î ÁÖ¼ÒÈµÈ channel number´Â status byteÀÇ ³·Àº nibble¿¡ ÀÇÇØ encodeÈ µÈ´Ù.
· °¢ MIDI voice´Â channel number¸¦ °¡Áö°í message´Â status byteÀÇ ³·Àº nibble¿¡ ÀÎÄÚµåȵÈ
ä³Î number¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â channel number¿¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.
· ä³Î¸Þ¼¼Áö¿¡´Â voice message¿Í mode message 2°¡Áö ŸÀÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Á voice messages
· voice mesage´Â ¾Ç±â(ÀåÄ¡)ÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. : note¸¦ onÀ̳ª off·Î ÀüÈÇÏ°í key°¡ depressedµÈ
Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ÇÒ key pressure messages¸¦ º¸³»°í, vibrato,sustain, tremolo¿Í °°Àº È¿°ú¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ
control message¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.
· Pitch wheel messages´Â ¸ðµç ³ëÆ®ÀÇ pitch¸¦ º¯È½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· polyphonic key pressure¿Í channel key pressure ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ Å°°¡ ³·ÃçÁú ¶§ ªÀº °£°Ý»çÀÌ¿¡
¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.
· polyphic ¾Ð·Â(pressure)Àº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿¬ÁÖµÈ Æ¯º°ÇÑ note¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈûÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
· Channel pressure´Â Ưº°ÇÑ Ã¤³Î(¾Ç±â)°ú ¿¬°üµÈ Å°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈûÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
· Control change ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â vibrato, tremolo¿Í pitch¿Í °°Àº È¿°úÀ½À» Á¶ÀýÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· pitch change message´Â Ưº°ÇÑ voice channel¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç noteÀÇ pitch¸¦ º¯È½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ º¯È´Â
´ÙÀ½ pitch change½Ã±â±îÁö ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù.
¢Á Mode Messages
· Mode messages´Â 16°³ ä³Î¿¡ upµÉ voice ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
- MODO mode³ª POLY mode¿¡
device¸¦ setÇÑ´Ù.
· Omni Mode OnÀº ¸ðµç ä³Î¿¡ voice
message¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÒ device¸¦ enable½ÃÅ´.
· Local Control Off ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â
external device´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ°ÔÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½Åµð»çÀÌÀú·ÎºÎÅÍ Å°º¸µå¸¦ disconnectÇÑ´Ù.
· Local Control OnÀº ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â Å°º¸µå ¿¬°áÀ»
¹Ýȯ(restore)ÇÑ´Ù.
· ¸ðµç notes Off ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ¸ðµç notes¸¦
off ½ÃŲ´Ù.
· Modno Mode On ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ÇÑ Ã¤³Î¿¡ ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ
voice¸¸À» ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
· Poly Mode OnÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â multiple
voices°¡ ÇϳªÀÇ voice channel¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ´Ù.
¢Â System Messages
· systemt message´Â ¿©·¯ ä³Î number¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Ưº°ÇÑ Ã¤³Îµé¿¡ ÇÑÇؼ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ system¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â common message, real-time message¿Í exclusive message¶ó´Â 3°¡Áö ŸÀÔÀÌ´Ù.
¢Á Common Messages
· ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â complete system¿¡ °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ³ë·¡¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϰųª, beats ¼ö¸¦ °¡Áø song position pointer¸¦ settingÇÏ°í analog
synthesizer¿¡ tune request¸¦ º¸³»´Â °Í°ú °°Àº functionÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
· song select message´Â song number¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ë·¡¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· song position pointer message´Â song¿¡ Ưº°ÇÑ position¿¡ position pointer¸¦
settingÇÑ´Ù.
· tune request message´Â synthesizer¿¡ Ưº°ÇÑ tune request¸¦ º¸³¾ ¶§ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· system exclusive message´Â system-wide messageÀÇ ³¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â flagÀÌ´Ù.
¢Á System Real-Time Message
· ÀÌµé ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â systemÀÇ realtime parameters¸¦ settingÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· À̵é ÆĶó¸ÞŸ´Â timing clock, sequencerÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ°ú, ¸ØÃã stopµÈ positionÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ sequencer¸¦ ´Ù½Ã
½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô Çϴ°Ͱú system resetingÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. · Timing Clock message´Â 4ºÐÀÇ 1ÀÇ note´ç
24 clocks¿¡ system µ¿±âÈ ½Ã°£ clockÀ» setÇÑ´Ù.
· start¿Í stop message´Â sequenceÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ°ú ¸ØÃãÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
· continue message´Â stopµÈ position¿¡¼ sequencer¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
· Active Sensing message´Â sequencer°¡ ÇöÀç operationÀ» ¼öÇàÁßÀ̶ó¸é check°ªÀ» º¸³½´Ù.
· ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î reset message´Â complete systemÀ» resetÇÑ´Ù.
¢Á System Exclusive Messages
· ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â identification, serial number, model number¿Í ±×¿ÜÀÇ Á¤º¸¿Í °°Àº
manufacturer-specific(Á¦Á¶ÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æ¯º°È÷ ¸¸µé¾îÁø) µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö±×·ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç functionÀºÆ¯º°È÷ system exclusive message¶ó´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù.
· Manufacturer°¡ Á¦°øÇϱ⠿øÇÏ´Â Manufacturer serial number, model number¿Í ´Ù¸¥ Á¤º¸µéÀº
manufacturer-defined byte stream¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾîÁø´Ù
|
JPEG DIB File
Format for Still And Motion Images
|
· Microsoft´Â JPEG
still°ú motion images 2°¡Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ DIB file format standard¸¦ È®ÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù.
· ÀÌ Ç¥ÁØ´ç JPEG still images´Â
JPEG DIB file format¿¡ ³»Æ÷µÈ´Ù.
· ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ëºÎºÐ JPEG-compliant
codecs¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ã³¸®µÇ¾îÁø´Ù.
· motion JPEG images¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀº Ç¥ÁØ
JPEG DIB fileÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
- ´ë½Å, ÀÌ°ÍÀº AVI file format³»¿¡ À̹ÌÁö¸¦
À§Ä¡½Ãų °ÍÀ» ÃßõÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â À̵é Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ point´Â?
¨ç slight revisionÀ» °¡Áø
BITMAPINFOHEADER ±¸Á¶°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔ
¨è RIFF AVI file formatÀ» °¡Áö°í ½±°Ô
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â JPEG DIB¸¦ Á¦°øÇÔ
¨é JPEG DIB extensionÀº Ç¥ÁØÀ» ´Ù¸£´Â
codecs¸¦ Á¦°øÇÔ.
- ¾î¶² codecÀº JPEG still°ú
motion images¸¦ create, read, ó¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÔ.
|
JPEG Stil Image
|
· still images¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
JPEG DIBµéÀº ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ streamó·³ JPEG image data¸¦ ³»Æ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
· ÀÌ·± Á¢±ÙÀ¸·Î¼, Ç¥ÁØ file formatÀº
platforms°ú applications¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.
· ÇÑ DIBÀÇ JPEG portion³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
table°ú ´Ù¸¥ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ indexed accessÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº BITMAPINFOHEADER±¸Á¶¿¡¼ »õ members¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÔÀ¸·Î¼ Á¦°øµÇ¾îÁú
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
|
JPEG Motion Image
|
· motion JPEG DIBs´Â
¿ÏÀüÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é È¥ÀÚ¼ disk fileÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
-- ´ë½Å¿¡ motion JPEG DIBs´Â AVI
RIFF file format¿¡ Æ÷Ç﵃ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¢Â JPEG DIBs´Â
· BITMAPFILEHEADER¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â file header ±¸Á¶,
· BITMAPINFOHEADER¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â bitmap information header
· RGBQUAD¶ó ĪÇÏ´Â color table ±¸Á¶¿Í bitmap byteÀÇ ¹è¿À» Æ÷ÇÔ
¢Â Microsoft¿¡ ÀÇÇØ JPEG DIBsÀÇ BITMAPINFOHEADER±¸Á¶º¯°æÀº BITMAPINFOHEADER±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀåÀÌ´Ù.
· JPEG¿¡´ëÇÑ È®ÀåµÈ BITMAPINFOHEADERÀÌ´Ù.
typedef struct tagEXBMINFOHEADER { BITMAPINFOHEADER bmInfoHeader; //original structure //extended BITMAPINFOHEADER fields DWORD biExtDataOffse; // Specifies offset to the start of //the JPEG-specific data. // This field allows expanding // the BITMAPINFOHEADER structure. // Other members to be defined later by Microsoft. } EXBMINFOHEADER; |
JPEG AVI file
Format with JPEG DIBs
|
¢Â JPEG AVI file formatÀº minor changes¸¦ °¡Áø AVI RIFF¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â AVI file format°ú °°ÀÌ JPEG AVI file formatÀº "hdr1","movi"
LIST chunks¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
· ¸ðµç JPEG DIB frams´Â ÁÖ¼ÒÈ°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í
±×·¡¼ ¸ðµç JPEG DIB frams´Â key frameµéÀÌ´Ù.
· Index chunks´Â Å« AVI file·ÎºÎÅÍ
JPEG DIB video frameµéÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ random access¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ °¢ data chunk¿¡ ´ëÇÑ key frames
entry¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â JPEG AVI file
format°ú AVI file formatÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡
¨ç "strf" chunk´Â
dataÀÇ stream fromatÀ» ±â¼úÇÒ EXBMINFOHDADER ±¸¼Ò member¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
¨è "strh" chunk´Â
still images¸¦ À§Çؼ³ª FOURCC code¿Í Àû´çÇÑ codecÀ» ÃʱâÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ Æ¯º°ÇÑ data¸¦ °¡Áø motion
imgaes¸¦ À§ÇÑ "MJPG"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
¨é "movi" chunk³ª
"rec" chunkÀº JPEG DIB data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
¨ê "index" chunk´Â ¸ðµç
JPEG DIB frames¿¡ ´ëÇÑ entry¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â JPEG DIB frameµéÀ» random accessÇÑ´Ù.
|
TWAIN
|
· Multimedia
systemÀÇ ÃâÇöÀ¸·Î À̹ÌÁö(image, real-time video clips, dramaticÇÏ°Ô live·Î »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ¿Àµð¿À¿Í
voice soundtrack µî)¿Í °°Àº objectµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ µµ·¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
· mage¿Í ±×·¡ÇÁ·Ñ µ¿¹ÝÇÏ°í sound¸¦ °¡Áø
video clips¸¦ µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø text¸¦ displayÇÒ º¹ÀâÇÑ Ãâ·ÂÀ» °¡Áø document¸¦ »ý¼ºÇØ ÁÙ
applicationÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â ÀÌ°°Àº ÀåÄ¡µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â°¡?
· ù ¹ø°, application creator´Â
multimedia objects¸¦ captureÇϱâ À§ÇØ input device¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Àü¿ë applicationÀ» ½á¾ßÇÔ.
· ÀÌ·¸°Ô µ¶¸³°¡´ÉÇÑ applicationÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ÀåÄ¡·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÀÔ·Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. -- ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÀ¿ëÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö±â À§ÇØ µð½ºÅ© ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î word-processor document´Â
OCR(Optional Charater Recognition)½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ captureµÈ data¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù¸é, µð½ºÅ©·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ä±¸µÈ
ASCII text fileÀ» import½Ãų import ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
· ´Ù¸¥ ¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ¿ä±¸µÉ
¶§¿Í ´Ù¸¥ applicationÀÌ data¸¦ capturingÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ µð½ºÅ© ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔ.
· µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ captureÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ´õºÒ¾î »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡
captureµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ editÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· TWAIN working group´Â custom
interfaceÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÀåÄ¡ Ãß°¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÁÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î input device¿¡ ´ëÇØ open industry stardard
interface¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
· Ç¥ÁØ interface´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽º´ç Ưº°ÇÑ
driverÀÇ »ý¼º¾øÀÌ TWAIN interface¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© scanner, digital camera, video cameraµé µî°ú °°Àº
¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ŸÀÔÀÇ input device¸¦ °¡Áö°í interfaceÇÒ applicationÀ» ¼³°è°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
¢Â ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¢±ÙÀÇ ¸í¹éÇÑ ÀåÁ¡Àº?
¨ç application developers´Â ¸ðµç
TWAIN-compliant input device¿¡ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÇÒ applicationÀ» Çã¶ôÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÏ TWAIN specificationÀ»
codeÈ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¨è Device manufacturer´Â ±×µé ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ
device¸¦ À§ÇÑ device driver¿¡ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, TWAIN specificationÀ» µû¸§À¸·Î¼, ¸ðµç TWAIN-compliant
applicationµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ´Ù »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¨é TWAIN-compliant
applicationÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ TWAIN driver¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀåÄ¡Áß Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â "Acquire"¿Í
"Select Source"¸Þ´º pick optionsµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°ÔÇÑ´Ù.
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TWAIN
specification Objectives
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1. multiple platformsÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù
- Microsoft windows, Apple
Machintosh OS system 6.x, 7.x, UNIX, ad IBM OS/2¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ.
2. Multiple device¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù
- scanner, digital camera,
frame grabbersµîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ.
3. Ç¥ÁØ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °¡Áø ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼ö¿ë·Â
- TWAINÀº ¸Å¿ì Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø Ç¥ÁØ
Interface.
4. Ç¥ÁØ È®Àå°¡´É¼º(½ÅÀ强)°ú ȣȯ¼º
- TWAIN±¸Á¶´Â »õ·Î¿î ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ Å¸ÀÔ°ú »õ·Î¿î ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ
±â´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®ÀåÀÌ °¡´É.
5. Multidata format
- TWAINÀº TIFF,PICT, DIB¿Í °°Àº
format¿¡¼µµ dataÀü¼ÛÀÌ °¡´É.
- µ¥ÀÌÅÍ formatÀº À̹ÌÁö µ¥ÀÌÅÍŸÀÔÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ½
6. »ç¿ëÀÌ ½±´Ù.
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TWAIN Architecture
|
· TWAIN±¸Á¶´Â ÀÔ·ÂÀåÄ¡·ÎºÎÅÍ
µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ°ú application programming interfaces (APIs)ÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
· ÀÌ ±¸Á¶´Â application°ú device
layerµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â protocol layer¿Í acquisition layer·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ °èÃþÈµÈ ±¸Á¶ÀÌ´Ù.
· protocol layer´Â application
acquisition layerµé »çÀÌÀÇ Åë½ÅÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
· acquisition layer´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â
virtual device driver¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. · virtual layer´Â
source¿¡ ÀÇÇØ callµÈ´Ù.
· À̵é layerµéÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î¼,
TWAINÀº ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ÅëÇØ sessionÀ» set upÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â applicationÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°ÔÇÏ°í, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ È¹µæ Æ®·£Àè¼ÇÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â Application
layer
· TWAIN applicationÀº device¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ connectionÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù.
· TWAINÀº applicationÀÇ ¼³°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ruleµéÀ» °¿äÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
· ÀåÄ¡µé¿¡ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø list·ÎºÎÅÍ source¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â user interface¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áöħ»çÇ×µéÀº, ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°í, ¼±ÅõÈ
source·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â user interface Áöħ»çÇ×À» ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â Protocol layer
· application layer´Â protocol layer¿¡ ÀÇÇØ interface°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.
· protocol layer´Â application°ú acquisiton layer»çÀÌÀÇ Åë½ÅÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
· ÀÌ°ÍÀº application°ú source»çÀÌÀÇ ¸ðµç sessionÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, data ȹµæ Æ®·£Àè¼ÇÀ» °¨½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
· protocal layerÀÇ ÁßÁ¡Àº source manager¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
· source managerÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¼ºÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
¨ç ¸ðµç TWAIN compliant source¿¡
´ëÇØ Ç¥ÁØ API(Application Programming Inerface)¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¨è application³»¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
selection sourceµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¨é application°ú sourceµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ
sessionÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ°í, multiple application°ú multiple source»çÀÌÀÇ sessionµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
¨ê session°ú unique session
identityµéÀÇ trackÀ» ÁöŲ´Ù.
¨ë application¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁöÁ¤µÈ sourceµéÀ»
loadÇϰųª unloadÇÑ´Ù.
¨ì source·ÎºÎÅÍ applicationÀÇ ¸ðµç
return code°ªÀ» passÇÑ´Ù.
¨í default source¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
· protocol layer´Â complex
layerÀÌ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº application interfacing function°ú deviceÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¸éÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â Acquistion layer
· Acquistion layer´Â virtual device driver¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· ÀÌ layer´Â device driver¿Í Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
· source´Â Áö¿ªÀûÀϼö ÀÖ°í, ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î local device¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϰųª, remoteÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î
remote device¿¡ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
· source´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº fuctionÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
¨ç device¸¦ Á¦¾î
¨è device·ÎºÎÅÍ data¸¦ ½Àµæ
¨é ½ÂÀÎµÈ format¿¡¼ data¸¦ Àü¼Û
¨ê ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÒ usre interface¸¦ Á¦°ø,
user interface´Â ÀåÄ¡¿¡µû¶ó Ưº°ÇÏ°í, device manufacturer¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³°èµÈ´Ù.
¢Â Device layer
· device driverÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº software¸í·ÉÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀåÄ¡ hardware¸¦ ¾Ë¸Â°Ô Á¦¾îÇÑ´Ù.
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New WAVE RIFF File
Format
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¢Â RIFF File FormatÀº »õ·Î¿î WAVE formÀº µÎ °³ÀÇ subchunk('fmt',
'data')¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· À§ÀÓµÈ subchunk¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼, fact,
cue points, play lsit, associated data list.¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· »õ·Î¿î wave formÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡
segment¿Í °°´Ù.
RIFF( 'WAVE; ('fmt'-ck) //Format [(fact-ck)] //fact chunk [(cue-ck)] // cue points [(playlist-ck)] //Playlist [(assoc-data-list)] //Associated data list (wave-data) //Wave data )
¢Â Fact Chunk
(fact-ck) -> fact ( (dwSampleLength : DWORD) )
· ¿¡´Â samples¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ
±æÀ̸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
· WAVE format header·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Â ÃÊ´ç
dataÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â field¿Í °áÇÕÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÊ.
· fact chunk´Â ¸ðµç »õ·Î¿î WAVEÇü½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ
¿ä±¸µÊ.
· ÀÌ chunk´Â Ç¥ÁØ WAVE_FORMAT_PCM
ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½.
· fack chunk´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ WAVE format¿¡
ÀÇÇØ ¿ä±¸µÈ ´Ù¸¥ Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô È®Àå°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
· Ãß°¡µÈ ÇʵåµéÀº field¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
· applicationÀº ÇöÀç field¿¡¼ °áÁ¤µÈ
chunk size field¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Â Cue Points Chunk
· cue point chuk´Â wave form data stream¿¡¼ À§Ä¡¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
(cue-ck) -> cue( (dwCuePoints:DWORD) //Count of cue points (cue-point) //Cue-point table .... )
· ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
struct { DWORD dwName; //À¯ÀÏÇÑ cue point name DWORD dwPosition; //play order³»ÀÇ ¼ø¼ÀûÀÎ sample number FOURCC fccChunk; //Chunk ID DWORD dwChunkStart; //data chunkÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ DWORD dwBlockStart; //À§Ä¡¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ºí·ÏÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ DWORD dwSampleOffest; //Relative to the start of the block }
· cue-point±¸Á¶´Â
data chunkÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù,
¢Â Playlist Chunk
· playlist chunk´Â cue pointÀÇ series¸¦ À§ÇÑ play ¼ø¼¸¦ ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù.
(playlist-ck) -> plst( (dwSegments:DWORD) //Count of play segments (play-segment) // Play-segment table ..... )
· ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÄÚµå ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¿Í
°°´Ù.
struct ( DWORD dwName; //Cue point name matching to the name listed // in the cue-pointstructure DWORD dwLength; //Length of the section in samples DWORD dwLoops; // Number of times to play the section )
· play-segment ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ÀÇ
º¯¼öµéÀº self-explanatoryÀÌ´Ù.
· ÀÌµé º¯¼öµéÀº ³»Æ÷µÈ object¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
display/playback parameterµé¿¡¼ ³ôÀº control levelÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¢Â Associated Data Chunk
· associated data list´Â label°ú °°Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ attachÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í, waveform data
streamÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
(assoc-data-list) -> LIST ('adt1' (labl-ck) //cue point¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ labelÀ̳ª title (note-ck) // cue point¿¡ ´ëÇÑ note (ltxt-ck) // data length¸¦ °¡Áø ÅؽºÆ®
· ù ¹ø° µÎ ±¸Á¶´Â °£´ÜÇÏ°í ¾Æ·¡
code ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¿¡¼ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù.
(lab-ck) -> lab1( (dwName:DWORD) //cue point ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ °¡Áö´Â À̸§°ú matchÇÏ´Â À̸§ (data : ZSTR) //À̸§À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â null terminated string (note-ck) - > note( (dwName : DWORD) //cue point ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ °¡Áö´Â À̸§°ú matchÇÏ´Â À̸§ (data : ZSTR) ) //À̸§À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â null terminated string )
· "ltxt"
chunk´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ±æÀÌÀÇ data segment¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ text¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
· "ltxt" chunk Çʵå´Â ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ
ÄÚµå ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¿Í °°´Ù.
(ltxt-ck) - ltxt ( (dwName:DWORD) //cue point ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ °¡Áö´Â À̸§°ú matchÇÏ´Â À̸§ (dwSampleLength:DWORD) //waveform dataÀÇ segment³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â //samplesÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ±â¼ú (dwPurpose:DWORD) //textÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ŸÀÔÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù. (wCountry:WORD) //Country code (wLanguage:WORD) //Language (wDialect:WORD) //Dialect (data:BYTE) //data chunk . . . . . )
· 'ltxt' chunk´Â ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ
text data¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¼³°èµÇ¾ú°í, »ç¿ëµÈ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¹®ÀÚ ÁýÇÕ¿¡ ´ëÇØ county code, language,»çÅõ¸®¿Í ÄÚµåÆäÀÌÁö¸¦
±â¼úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Â Inst(instrumental) Chunk
· WAVE formÀº sampledµÈ synthesizerÀÇ sampleÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ file formatÀÌ´Ù.
· sample´ç bit´Â sample rate, channelÀÇ ¼ö, º¹ÀâÇÑ loopingÀº ÇöÀç WAVE subchunks¸¦ ±â¼úÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
· sampleÀÇ pitch¿Í ´Ù¸¥ sampleµé°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â volumeÀº ±â·ÏµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
· ÀÓÀÇÀÇ µµ±¸ subchunk°¡ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ parameter¿¡¼ Á¤ÀÇ µÈ´Ù.
(instrument-ck) -> inst( (bUnshiftedNote:BYTE) // MIDI note number that corresponds to // the unchifted pith of the sample. (chFineTune:CHAR) // The pitch shift adjustment in cents // (or 100ths of a semitone) needed to hit // bUnshiftedNote // value exactly. // chFineTune can be used to compensate for tunning // errors in the sampling process. // Valid values range from -50 to 50 (chGain:CHAR) // The suggested volume setting for the sample // in decibels. A value of zero decibels suggests // no change in the volume. a vlaue of -6 decibels //suggests reducing the amplitude of the sample by two. (bLowNote:BYTE) // The suggensted usable MIDI note number range of // the sample. Valid values range from 0 to 127 (bLowVelocity:BYTE) // The suggested usable MIDI note number range of // the sample. Valid values range from 0 to 127. (bHighVelocity:BYTE) //The suggested usable MIDI note number range of the // sample. Valid values range from 0 to 127 |
Setting up New
WAVE Types
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¢Â »õ·Î¿î WAVE form typeÀº µÎ °³ÀÇ À§ÀÓµÈ chunk(fact, fmt)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
· fmt chunk´Â ¸ðµç
non-PCM-format wave data¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â È®ÀÚµÈ wave format ±¸Á¶¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
· RIFF WAVE WAVE_FORMAT_PCM
file formatÀº fact chunk¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í È®ÀåµÈ wave format structure¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
· È®ÀåµÈ wave format WAVEFORMTEXT±¸Á¶´Â
¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
typedef struct waveformat_extended_tag { WORD wFormatTag; // Type of the WAVE file. WORD nChannels; // Number of channels, mono, stereo DWORD nSamplesPerSec; // Sampling rates of 11025, 22050, 44100 DWORD nAvgBytesPerSec; //Average data rate to estimate buffer size WORD nBlockAlign; //Block alignment in bytes WORD wBitPerSample; // Number of bits per sample WORD cbSize; // the number of bytes for the extra information } WAVEFORMATEXT; |
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